|
Course Title: Nuclear Medicine Physics and Equipment
Code: 223
Credit hours: 3Hs
Prerequisite: PHYS 101
Compulsory (√)
Second semester (√)
Brief contents:
Introduction of general principles of physics of nuclear medicine with regard with radiation safety.
Course objectives:
1- Introducing the student to the radionuclide, physics of radiation and radiopharmaceutical determination of the dose and radiation shielding.
2- Introducing the student to the dose calibrators, single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET).
Assessment methods:
Test 1 (15%),
Test 2(15%),
Homework (10%),
Final Lab (20%),
Final written exam (40%).
Assigned Text Book:
Chandra, Ramesh. Introductory physics of nuclear medicine, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1976. 2nd edition.
Supplementary reference:
Simon R. Cherry , James Sorenson, Michael Phelps. Physics in nuclear medicine, Saunders; 3 editions, (July 18, 2003).
Other Information Resource:
Internet power point presentations
Weekly plan:
|
WK No
|
TOPICS
|
LECTURER
|
PRACTICAL
|
|
01
|
Basic review - Matter, elements and atoms- Atomic structure
|
3 hours/wk
|
-
|
|
02
|
-Forces or Fields- Electromagnetic Force- -Electromagnetic waves of different energies- Characteristic X-rays and Auger electrons-
Interchangeability of mass and energy-
Mass and energy equivalence of electron, proton and neutrons
|
3 hours/wk
|
-
|
|
03
|
-NUCLIDES AND RADIOACTIVE PROCESSES
-Nuclides and their classification
Nuclear Structure and Excited States of A Nuclide (isomers and metastable states)
-Radionuclides and stability of nuclides
-Radioactive series or chain
-Radioactive processes and conservation laws
- Alpha Decay
- Beta Decay ( Β- emission or electron emission, Β+ emission or positron emission, and Electron capture.
- Gamma Decay (An emission of a high energy photon, or Internal conversion).
- Coefficient of internal conversion α
-The similarity and difference between X-ray and γ-ray
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
04
|
- Decay Schemes
- Decay scheme of 99Mo
- Decay scheme of 99mTc
-Radioactivity – Definition and Units
Law of Decay
-Calculation of the mass of a radioactive sample
-Specific Activity
-Carrier free’ sample.
-The Exponential Law of Decay
Half-Life
-Problems in Radioactive Decay
Examples
- Average Life (Tav)
- Biological Half-Life
- Effective Half-Life
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
05
|
-Statistics of Radioactive Decay
-Types of errors 1-Systematic errors ( or accuracy) and 2- Random errors (or precision))
-Standard -Deviation, and
- Percent Standard Deviation
-Propagation of Statistical Errors
-Room Background
-Examples
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
06
|
-Methods of Radionuclides Production
1- Reactor-produced Radionuclides (irradiation of stable nuclides in a reactor)
2. Accelerator- or Cyclotron-produced Radionuclides (irradiation of stable nuclides in an accelerator or cyclotron.
3. Fission-Produced Radionuclides (Fission of heavier nuclides).
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
07
|
- Production of Short-Lived Radionuclides, Using a GENERATOR
- Principles of a Generator
- Description of a Typical Generator
- Selection of Suitable generator
-Radiation detection
Ionization chambers (Introduction)
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
08
|
Ionization chambers
- Basic Ionization Chamber
- Geiger-Muller Counter
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
09
|
Scintillation Detectors
-Solid Scintillation Detectors
-Semiconductor Detectors
Solid Scintillation Counters
-NaI Detector
-Photomultiplier Tube
-Preamplifier
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
10
|
-Preamplifier
-Linear Amplifier
-Pulse-Height Analyzer
-Display or Storage
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
11
|
Liquid Scintillation Counters
Characteristics of Counting Systems
-Energy Resolution
-Detection Efficiency
-Dead Time
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
12
|
Quality assurance in nuclear medicine
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
13
|
Production , transport and handling of radio-active nuclides
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
14
|
LAB 1 the ideal NM nuclei
|
-
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
15
|
LAB2 NM simulator setup
|
-
|
3 hours/wk
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subject Coordinator: Dr. Hanan Abbas
|