Course Title: Nuclear Medicine Physics and Equipment
Code: 223
Credit hours: 3Hs
Prerequisite: PHYS 101
Compulsory (√)
Second semester (√)
Brief contents:
Introduction of general principles of physics of nuclear medicine with regard with radiation safety.
Course objectives:
1- Introducing the student to the radionuclide, physics of radiation and radiopharmaceutical determination of the dose and radiation shielding.
2- Introducing the student to the dose calibrators, single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET).
Assessment methods:
Test 1 (15%),
Test 2(15%),
Homework (10%),
Final Lab (20%),
Final written exam (40%).
Assigned Text Book:
Chandra, Ramesh. Introductory physics of nuclear medicine, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1976. 2nd edition.
Supplementary reference:
Simon R. Cherry , James Sorenson, Michael Phelps. Physics in nuclear medicine, Saunders; 3 editions, (July 18, 2003).
Other Information Resource:
Internet power point presentations
Weekly plan:
WK No
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TOPICS
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LECTURER
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PRACTICAL
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01
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Basic review - Matter, elements and atoms- Atomic structure
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3 hours/wk
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-
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02
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-Forces or Fields- Electromagnetic Force- -Electromagnetic waves of different energies- Characteristic X-rays and Auger electrons-
Interchangeability of mass and energy-
Mass and energy equivalence of electron, proton and neutrons
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3 hours/wk
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-
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03
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-NUCLIDES AND RADIOACTIVE PROCESSES
-Nuclides and their classification
Nuclear Structure and Excited States of A Nuclide (isomers and metastable states)
-Radionuclides and stability of nuclides
-Radioactive series or chain
-Radioactive processes and conservation laws
- Alpha Decay
- Beta Decay ( Β- emission or electron emission, Β+ emission or positron emission, and Electron capture.
- Gamma Decay (An emission of a high energy photon, or Internal conversion).
- Coefficient of internal conversion α
-The similarity and difference between X-ray and γ-ray
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3 hours/wk
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04
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- Decay Schemes
- Decay scheme of 99Mo
- Decay scheme of 99mTc
-Radioactivity – Definition and Units
Law of Decay
-Calculation of the mass of a radioactive sample
-Specific Activity
-Carrier free’ sample.
-The Exponential Law of Decay
Half-Life
-Problems in Radioactive Decay
Examples
- Average Life (Tav)
- Biological Half-Life
- Effective Half-Life
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3 hours/wk
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05
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-Statistics of Radioactive Decay
-Types of errors 1-Systematic errors ( or accuracy) and 2- Random errors (or precision))
-Standard -Deviation, and
- Percent Standard Deviation
-Propagation of Statistical Errors
-Room Background
-Examples
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3 hours/wk
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06
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-Methods of Radionuclides Production
1- Reactor-produced Radionuclides (irradiation of stable nuclides in a reactor)
2. Accelerator- or Cyclotron-produced Radionuclides (irradiation of stable nuclides in an accelerator or cyclotron.
3. Fission-Produced Radionuclides (Fission of heavier nuclides).
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3 hours/wk
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07
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- Production of Short-Lived Radionuclides, Using a GENERATOR
- Principles of a Generator
- Description of a Typical Generator
- Selection of Suitable generator
-Radiation detection
Ionization chambers (Introduction)
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3 hours/wk
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08
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Ionization chambers
- Basic Ionization Chamber
- Geiger-Muller Counter
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3 hours/wk
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09
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Scintillation Detectors
-Solid Scintillation Detectors
-Semiconductor Detectors
Solid Scintillation Counters
-NaI Detector
-Photomultiplier Tube
-Preamplifier
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3 hours/wk
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10
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-Preamplifier
-Linear Amplifier
-Pulse-Height Analyzer
-Display or Storage
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3 hours/wk
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11
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Liquid Scintillation Counters
Characteristics of Counting Systems
-Energy Resolution
-Detection Efficiency
-Dead Time
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3 hours/wk
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12
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Quality assurance in nuclear medicine
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3 hours/wk
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13
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Production , transport and handling of radio-active nuclides
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3 hours/wk
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14
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LAB 1 the ideal NM nuclei
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-
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3 hours/wk
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15
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LAB2 NM simulator setup
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-
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3 hours/wk
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Subject Coordinator: Dr. Hanan Abbas
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