فيزياء وأجهزة الطب النووي

Course Title: Nuclear Medicine Physics and Equipment

Code: 223

Credit hours: 3Hs                                              

Prerequisite: PHYS 101

Compulsory (√)

Second semester ()

Brief contents:

Introduction of general principles of physics of nuclear medicine with regard with radiation safety.

Course objectives:

1-      Introducing the student to the radionuclide, physics of radiation and radiopharmaceutical determination of the dose and radiation shielding.

2-      Introducing the student to the dose calibrators, single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET).

Assessment methods:

Test 1 (15%),

Test 2(15%),

Homework (10%),

Final Lab (20%),

Final written exam (40%).     

Assigned Text Book:

Chandra, Ramesh. Introductory physics of nuclear medicine, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1976. 2nd edition. 

Supplementary reference:

Simon R. Cherry , James Sorenson, Michael Phelps. Physics in nuclear medicine, Saunders; 3 editions, (July 18, 2003).

Other Information Resource:

Internet power point presentations

Weekly plan:

WK No

TOPICS

LECTURER

PRACTICAL

01

Basic review - Matter, elements and atoms- Atomic structure

3 hours/wk

-

02

-Forces or Fields- Electromagnetic Force- -Electromagnetic waves of different energies- Characteristic X-rays and Auger electrons-

Interchangeability of mass and energy-

Mass and energy equivalence of electron, proton and neutrons

 

3 hours/wk

-

03

-NUCLIDES AND RADIOACTIVE PROCESSES

-Nuclides and their classification

Nuclear Structure and Excited States of A Nuclide (isomers and metastable states)

-Radionuclides and stability of nuclides

-Radioactive series or chain

-Radioactive  processes and conservation laws

  • Alpha Decay
  • Beta Decay ( Β- emission or electron emission,  Β+ emission or positron emission, and Electron capture.
  • Gamma Decay (An emission of a high energy photon, or Internal conversion).
  • Coefficient of internal conversion α

-The similarity and difference between X-ray and γ-ray

 

3 hours/wk

 

04

  • Decay Schemes
  • Decay scheme of 99Mo
  • Decay  scheme of 99mTc

-Radioactivity – Definition and Units

Law of Decay

-Calculation of the mass of a radioactive sample

-Specific Activity

-Carrier free’ sample.

-The Exponential Law of Decay

Half-Life

-Problems in Radioactive Decay

Examples

  • Average Life (Tav)
  • Biological Half-Life
  • Effective Half-Life

 

3 hours/wk

 

05

-Statistics of Radioactive Decay

-Types of errors 1-Systematic errors ( or accuracy) and 2- Random errors (or precision))

 -Standard -Deviation, and

- Percent Standard Deviation

-Propagation of Statistical Errors

-Room Background

-Examples

 

3 hours/wk

 

06

-Methods of Radionuclides Production

1- Reactor-produced Radionuclides (irradiation of stable nuclides in a reactor)

2. Accelerator- or Cyclotron-produced Radionuclides (irradiation of stable nuclides in an accelerator or cyclotron.

3. Fission-Produced Radionuclides (Fission of heavier nuclides).

3 hours/wk

 

07

  • Production of Short-Lived Radionuclides, Using a GENERATOR
  • Principles of a Generator
  • Description of a Typical Generator
  • Selection of Suitable generator

-Radiation detection

Ionization chambers (Introduction)

3 hours/wk

 

08

 Ionization chambers

  • Basic Ionization Chamber
  • Geiger-Muller Counter

 

3 hours/wk

 

09

Scintillation Detectors

-Solid Scintillation Detectors

-Semiconductor Detectors

Solid Scintillation Counters

-NaI Detector

-Photomultiplier Tube

-Preamplifier

3 hours/wk

 

10

-Preamplifier

-Linear Amplifier

-Pulse-Height Analyzer

-Display or Storage

 

3 hours/wk

 

11

Liquid Scintillation Counters

Characteristics of Counting Systems

-Energy Resolution

-Detection Efficiency

-Dead Time

3 hours/wk

 

12

Quality assurance in nuclear medicine

3 hours/wk

 

13

Production , transport and handling of radio-active nuclides

3 hours/wk

 

14

LAB 1 the ideal NM nuclei

-

3 hours/wk

15

LAB2 NM simulator setup

-

3 hours/wk

 

 

 Subject Coordinator:  Dr. Hanan Abbas


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7/5/2011 3:20:53 AM